week 8...APA Citation
Now we talk about Documenting
Online Journals , in documenting online journals they have Model, simple & print and online. exampleThere are two types of online
journals: those that are found exclusively on the web, and those that are
available in both print and electronic form.
You are more likely to encounter the first situation.Look at this model. Everything up to the volume number occurs
exactly the same as if you were citing a journal article. However, since the article is online, a
“retrieval statement” is required.
Retrieval statements always begin with the word retrieved, offer the
full name of the month, date, and year, with commas after the date and after
the year, followed by “from” and the url.
Notice how the url is
neither underlined nor blue. In APA
documentation and in text citation, underlines are not used. To get rid of a hyperlink in MS Word, place
your cursor after the last word in the url and hit the backspace key. This should remove the hyperlink without
deleting words. If a url is
long and needs to be divided between two lines, you can break it after a slash
or before a period. Finally, notice that
no period appears at the end of an online entry that concludes with a url. This is so that the wrong address is not
accidentally entered into the web browser.Take a look at this example. Now, a quick look at the form for
journals online and in print. In these
situations, you would treat the article as you would for a journal article,
except you would include the words
“electronic version” in brackets, to indicate that you read and used the
electronic form instead of the hardcopy.
In addition, The Source
Integration now we’ll begin looking at how sources are integrated into the body
of your text. There are three ways in
which we use sources to provide evidence for our arguments. They are quotations, paraphrases, and
summaries. Quotations, paraphrases and summaries are
•provide
support for claims or add credibility to yourwriting.•refer
to work that leads up to the work you are now doing.•give
examples of several points of view on a subject.
•call
attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with.
•highlight
a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original.
•distance
yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words
are not your own.
•expand
the breadth or depth of your writing. After this ,we must know about Choosing
Text to Integrate....choosing text to integrate is
1.Read
the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. 2.Summarize
in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is. 3.Paraphrase
important supporting points that come up in the essay. 4.Consider
any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted
directly.
There is an easy 4-step process
you can use to learn to summarize, paraphrase, and quote.First, get familiar with the
text. As you read it, mark the thesis of
the chapter, and identify any main points. Main points are usually found in topic or summarizing sentences (generally one in each paragraph), or in sentences that answer questions posed
by any headings in the text. After you have read to get an
understanding of the text, close the book or set the article aside. Now, in your own words, write a single
sentence that summarizes the argument or purpose of the piece. Once you have this main idea, write a
sentence to summarize each of the major ideas of the piece. Once you have done this,review the article
to see that what you wrote is really the author’s point. Now find any important points –
sentences or single paragraphs in particular – that are important to your
argument in your own research. After you
read the passage and understand what you read, set the text aside and write
what the major points were in your own words.
Once you have done this, review to see that you captured the spirit of
the author’s idea without using his or her words. Finally, if you find something so
important that the exact wording has to be discussed or examined in the paper,
or when you find something that is so well written that you couldn’t say it any
better, go ahead and mark these as passages to quote. For example, any discussion of the ideas
espoused in the Declaration of Independence nearlyalways requires the quote
“all men are endowed with certain unalienable rights – and among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
for Summarizing.... we should
put the main idea(s) into our own words, including only themain point(s) than the summarized
ideas must be attributed to the original source.It also Summaries
are significantly shorter than the original. After this the summaries
also take a broad overview of source material. example this like what you do when you summarize,Now here are some summary characteristics Note that when you attribute to an
original source, you must refer to at least the author and year in the signal
phrase, which we will discuss shortly. In a summary, you are condensing multiple paragraphs or pages down to just a few sentences, or maybe a single paragraph.
Paraphrasing
is involves putting a passage from source
material into your own words.
•Attribute paraphrases to their original
sources.
•Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but
may be the same length as the original passage
•Paraphrases take a more focused segment
of the source and condense it slightly. This is what you do when you paraphrase:Now here are some paraphrase
characteristicsIn the summary, you took much larger
segments of text that explained main concepts and core ideasand reduced them
to a few sentences or a paragraph. In a
paraphrase, you take any segment of thetext, usually a single, more focused
idea, and put it entirely into your own words.
It is notuncommon for a paraphrase to remain about the same length as
the original idea, although again,the expression of the idea must be entirely
in your own words. Remember, if you shrink aparaphrase too
much, and you’ll be summarizing.If you use the author’s words, you’ll
actually bequoting. Quoting is
•Quotations
use a narrow segment of the source. •They
must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. •Use
quotes when the actual words are so integral to the discussion that they cannot
bereplaced. •Use
quotes when the author’s words are so precisely and accurately stated that they
cannot be paraphrased.
Signal
Phrases and In-Text Citation
•Signal phrases introduce someone else’s
work – they signal that the words and ideas thatare about to be offered belong
to someone other than the author of the paper.
•In-text citations are the parenthetical
pieces of information that appear usually at the endof a quote, paraphrase, or
summary (though they sometimes appear before).
Signal
Phrases and In-Text Citation
•Signal phrases introduce someone else’s
work – they signal that the words and ideas thatare about to be offered belong
to someone other than the author of the paper.
•In-text citations are the parenthetical
pieces of information that appear usually at the endof a quote, paraphrase, or
summary (though they sometimes appear before).
Signal
Phrases and In-Text Citation
•Signal phrases introduce someone else’s
work – they signal that the words and ideas thatare about to be offered belong
to someone other than the author of the paper.
•In-text citations are the parenthetical
pieces of information that appear usually at the endof a quote, paraphrase, or
summary (though they sometimes appear before). example this likewe’ll take a look at the role signal phrases and in-text
citation play in APA style.Remember, it’s your responsibility to cue
the reader as to what is your knowledge and what are yourideas as opposed to
someone else’s. Here’s a simple rule to follow,now let’s see how this works. Signal
Phrases and In-Text Citation (continued)
*Limited
signal, everything in citation. .
. end of paraphrased sentence, in which you convey theauthor's ideas in your
own words (Krepp,
1985, p. 103). "
. . . end of quoted sentence" (Krepp, 1985, p. 103).
*Author
and
year in signal, page in citation In
1985, Krepp
reported that . . . (p. 103). Krepp
(1985) tells us that . . . (p. 103).According
to Krepp (1985), ". . ." (p. 103). *Multiple
Authors signaled (Alphabetical) studies
(Jones, 1966; Krepp,
1985; Smith, 1973)have shown that .
*No
Author ("Stocks
Lose Again," 1991, p. B16). According
to the news article “Stocks LoseAgain” (1991) … end paraphrase or “quote” (p.
B16).
* No
Page Number Provide
other information in signal phrase
In
this example, author, year, and page appear in the in-text, or parenthetical
citation that comes after the paraphrase or quote. Notice that in parenthetical citations, each
item is separated by acomma, and p. is used to indicate page. Notice also that when using parenthetical
citations with aquote, the quotation mark closes the quote before the
parentheses, since the in-text citation is notpart of the actual words. The period, however, goes at the end of
everything, since it completes thethought: what was written, who wrote it,
when was it written, and where is it written?In
this example, author and year are provided in the signal phrase, while the page
number isprovided in the in-text citation.
Remember that when the year is not part of the naturalgrammatical
sentence structure, it must be put in parentheses. Also, remember that the quote endsbefore the
in-text citation, but the sentence always gets end punctuation after the
in-text citation.
example for quote a text is You are not allowed to change anything in
the quote without some identifying mark, usuallybrackets. Changing even a few letters is considered a
form of plagiarism by many people.Remember that you do not simply add in a
quote (or a paraphrase or summary, for that matter)without creating a
transition for your reader. You need to
use a signal phrase to show readers thatyou are moving from your own ideas
into someone else’s. Signal phrases also
give you theopportunity to discuss how your argument is connected to the
source you are integrating. Sincesignal
phrases are so important, let’s turn to them next.
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